Symptoms
Normal superficial veins facilitate the return of blood to the heart through a system of valves. Varicose veins on the other hand are dilated tortuous veins caused by reflux of high pressure blood from the deep veins into the superficial low pressure veins. This usually occurs through weak or damaged valves, or incompetent perforating veins. This can lead to venous hypertension and pressure symptoms as described below.
By definition varicose veins are dilated tortuous veins. They may appear as a consequence of increased pressure, when the high pressure in the deep veins refluxes into the superficial low pressure system. This leads to venous hypertension. Over time the veins become more dilated to accommodate the pressure changes, however it is possible to have symptoms of venous hypertension without visible varicose veins. While some people may only experience cosmetic concerns, others may suffer from more noticeable discomfort. Paradoxically the symptoms can be worse when the varicose veins have not yet become visible.
Common symptoms include aching, throbbing, feeling heavy or tired. This occurs especially after standing or sitting for long periods and is typically worse in hot weather or at the end of the day. These symptoms can be associated with swelling and itching which are often a late sign and precursor to ulceration. The symptoms can sometimes be relieved by elevation or compression. Cramps and restless legs are less specific symptoms be will sometimes resolve with treatment.
